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Mounting Technology Overview
Description
The mounting system is a critical component of any solar PV installation, typically accounting for 10- 20% of total system cost. Beyond cost, the structure directly affects system durability, installation speed, maintenance requirements, and long-term energy yield.
支架系统是任何太阳能光伏装置的关键组成部分，通常占系统总成本的10-20%。除成本外，支架结构直接影响系统的耐久性、安装速度、维护需求以及长期发电量和投资回报。
Material Comparison / 材料对比
| Material
■■ |
Applications
■■■■ |
Advantages
■■ |
Cost
■■ |
| Anodized Aluminum阳极氧化铝 | Rooftop rails, BIPV frames, residential屋顶导轨、BIPV框架、户用 | Lightweight, corrosion-resistant, easy install
轻质、耐腐蚀、安装简便 |
Medium-High中高 |
| Galvanized Steel热镀锌钢 | Ground-mount, carport, agrivoltaic, fishery地面电站、车棚、农光、渔光 | High strength, durable, cost-effective
强度高、耐用、经济 |
Medium中等 |
| Stainless Steel不锈钢 | Roof hooks, coastal / corrosive areas屋顶挂钩、沿海/腐蚀区域 | Superior corrosion resistance, long life
耐腐蚀性极佳、寿命长 |
High高 |
| Concrete + Steel混凝土 +钢 | Foundations for various systems
各类系统基础 |
Excellent structural stability, low cost结构稳定性好、成本低 | Low-Medium低-中 |
Mounting System Comparison by Scenario / 各场景支架系统对比
| Scenario
■■ |
Material
■■ |
Structure Type
■■■■ |
Foundation
■■■■ |
Elevation
■■■■ |
| Rooftop PV / 屋顶光伏 | Aluminum + steel /铝 +钢 | Rail & clamp / 导轨压块 | Roof hooks / 屋顶挂钩 | 0.1 – 0.5 m |
| PV Carport / 光伏车棚 | Galvanized steel /镀锌钢 | I-beam canopy /工字钢雨棚 | Concrete footing / 混凝土基础 | 2.8 – 3.5 m |
| Ground-Mount /地面电站 | Galvanized steel /镀锌钢 | Pile & beam / 桩梁结构 | Screw / driven pile / 螺旋/打入桩 | 0.5 – 2 m |
| Fishery-PV / 渔光互补 | Galvanized steel /镀锌钢 | Pile & truss / 桩架结构 | Steel / concrete pile /钢/混凝土桩 | 2 – 4 m (水上) |
| Agrivoltaic / 农光互补 | Galvanized steel /镀锌钢 | High post & beam /高立柱 | Concrete / bored pile /混凝土/灌注桩 | 3 – 6 m |
| BIPV / 光伏建筑一体化 | Aluminum + glass /铝 +玻璃 | Curtain wall / 幕墙系统 | Building structure / 建筑主体 | Integrated in buildings / 建筑集成 |
| Residential PV / 户用光伏 | Aluminum + SS /铝+不锈钢 | Rail & hook / 导轨挂钩 | Roof hook + flashing /挂钩 +防水 | 0.1 – 0.3 m |
| Floating PV / 漂浮式光伏 | Galvanized steel + Floating body /镀锌钢 + 漂浮体 | Floating support / 漂浮支架 | Anchoring system without foundation / 无基础锚固系统 | No depth limited / 无水深度限制 |
Key Design Considerations / 关键设计考量
Wind Load / ■■■
All mounting systems must be engineered to withstand maximum wind speeds per local building codes.
所有支架系统必须根据当地建筑规范设计 ，承受最大风速。
Corrosion Protection / ■■■■
Hot-dip galvanizing provides 20-30 year protection. Marine environments may need additional protection.
热镀锌提供20-30年防腐保护。海洋环境可能需要额外的防腐措施。
Thermal Expansion / ■■■
Metal systems expand and contract with temperature. Proper design must accommodate thermal movement.
金属系统随温度热胀冷缩 ，设计必须考虑热位移 ，避免结构应力和损坏。
Grounding & Lightning / ■■■■■
All metal PV mounting structures must be properly grounded for electrical safety and lightning protection.
所有金属光伏支架必须可靠接地，以确保电气安全和防雷保护